Russia is far from China’s most important technological partner. Yet as the outcomes of Xi Jinping’s recent visit to Moscow confirm, Europeans will need to live with a China-Russia partnership that is increasingly focused on high technology. As foreign sanctions drive Russia into rising economic integration with China, and as China’s access to Western markets and partnerships comes under increasing …
How China Promotes Cyber Sovereignty
China is a cyber norm entrepreneur, seeking a greater say in creating a global cyber order in line with its rise as a cyber power. China promotes ‘cyber sovereignty’ (wangluo zhuquan), which extends territorial sovereignty into human-created cyberspace as part of a ‘cyberspace shared future’. Financial incentives through ‘Digital Silk Road’ capacity building and coalition building in international institutions are …
Data Protection in China
In the summer of 2021, China’s National People’s Congress passed two pieces of data-related legislation, the Data Security Law (DSL) and the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). These laws, which entered into force in September and November respectively, form the centre of what will become a comprehensive regulatory architecture governing all important aspects of data collection, storage, processing, trading and …
Chinese Disinformation: What Should Be Done?
Chinese-origin disinformation and misinformation around the COVID pandemic has gained greater visibility and prominence. However, there is little evidence that these efforts have led to greater support for the Chinese line in Europe – rather the opposite. Nevertheless, European policymakers should give some thought to strengthening their own social structures, rather than just complaining about Beijing’s conduct. One of the …